Hong Kong IPO disclosure precedents · 172 companies, 193 items
revenue recognised through consignment, sales agents or intermediaries, ODM sales under customers' brands, a trading business alongside the main one, brand customers directing their designated suppliers to buy from the company, resale of procured materials
As all commercial terms are determined through direct negotiations with the brand owners, the pricing model, profit margin, and other key commercial terms do not vary significantly.
Business · p. 163
During the same year/period, Customers G and I purchased our products as designated suppliers of Customers H and B, respectively, reflecting our penetration into the product supply chains of the relevant brand customers through both direct sales and designated procurement channels.
Summary · p. 19
Therefore, even where the same product was sold to both channels during the same period, the gross profit margin of our sales to designated third-party suppliers of brand owners and ODM manufacturers was generally higher than that of brand owners primarily because sales to these customers tend to involve more mature and mass-production-stage products with relatively stable production efficiency and yield rates.
Revenue from direct-sales customers supported by sales agents was RMB3,171.4 million, RMB3,255.3 million, RMB3,366.7 million, RMB1,587.9 million and RMB1,303.3 million in 2023, 2024, 2025 and the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2026, respectively.
Business · p. 137
Our Directors are of the view that we do not have any material reliance on sales agents, taking into account the following: (1) customers place orders directly with, and make payments directly to, us, and the underlying commercial and contractual relationships remain between us and the customers; (2) sales agents generally do not purchase or resell our products, take title to them or participate as principals in pricing, order acceptance, manufacturing, delivery or collection, and we do not rely on them for order fulfillment, inventory management, delivery or collection; (3) we maintain our own sales and technical personnel who participate in customer development, technical discussions and product qualification, while our sales and quality teams coordinate customer feedback and quality claims; and (4) under our standard sales agency arrangements, customer resources are not exclusive to the agents, and, following termination of an agency agreement in accordance with its terms, we continue to serve the relevant customers directly or appoint another agent.
For FY2023, FY2024, FY2025, 1H2025 and 1H2026, revenue generated from such consignment arrangements amounted to approximately RMB2,577.6 million, RMB3,061.9 million, RMB4,088.3 million, RMB1,841.2 million and RMB3,349.6 million, representing approximately 79.6%, 76.6%, 66.5%, 61.8% and 74.5% of our revenue for the respective periods.
Business · p. 133
As at December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025 and June 30, 2026, the amount of our inventories under consignment arrangements (i.e., delivered to customers' designated warehouses but pending acceptance) was RMB469.3 million, RMB576.8 million, RMB1,097.7 million and RMB1,187.5 million, respectively.
Business · p. 133
According to Frost & Sullivan, (i) consignment arrangements are common in the engine industry, (ii) the average time lapse levels of our consignment arrangements align with the industry range, and (iii) the revenue contribution percentages of our consignment arrangements align with the industry range.
During the Track Record Period, we also operated under an ODM model and conducted direct sales to ODM customers outside China, most of which are overseas medical device companies with well-established brands within the relevant regional/local markets.
Business · p. 178
In 2023, 2024 and 2025 and the three months ended March 31, 2026, our revenue generated from sales to ODM customers amounted to RMB141.2 million, RMB172.6 million, RMB228.8 million and RMB41.5 million, respectively, representing 10.7%, 12.3%, 14.1% and 9.8% of our total revenue for the respective periods.
Business · p. 178
Any potential risk of competition between our own-branded products and products sold by the ODM customers outside China is effectively managed through contractual provisions that impose clear restrictions on sales territories, product positioning and distribution channels.
During the Track Record Period, we had VMI consignment arrangements with four customers.
Business · p. 138
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024, 2025 and the six months ended June 30, 2026, we generated revenue on VMI basis of RMB52.8 million, RMB48.3 million, RMB72.2 million and RMB41.5 million, respectively, accounting for approximately 16.5%, 13.6%, 11.6% and 11.4% of our total revenue for the corresponding period.
Meanwhile, revenue from reselling externally sourced PV conductive pastes amounted to RMB0.4 million, RMB12.3 million, RMB26.3 million and RMB21.5 million, accounting for 1.1%, 21.7%, 18.8% and 17.7% of total revenue from sale of PV conductive pastes for the same respective periods.
Business · p. 145
We primarily adopted such arrangements for PV conductive paste under the following circumstances: (i) to ensure stable and consistent supply to our customers amid rapid shifts in their demand, when we were temporarily unable to adjust our product portfolio and achieve mass production in a timely manner; and (ii) the in-house production of certain product models was uneconomical given their specific technical requirements, and we therefore sourced such products externally for resale.
Business · p. 145
To guarantee the quality of our externally sourced PV cell additives and PV conductive paste, we have established a standardized supplier quality management procedure.
In addition, in 2023, 2024, and 2025 and for the five months ended May 31, 2025 and 2026, our revenue generated through sales agents was RMB487.6 million, RMB533.1 million, RMB537.0 million, RMB225.1 million, and RMB268.2 million, respectively, accounting for 20.6%, 22.2%, 15.3%, 17.0%, and 10.7% of our total revenue in the same periods, respectively.
Business · p. 138
In 2023, 2024, and 2025 and for the five months ended May 31, 2025 and 2026, we recorded sales agent service fees of RMB25.2 million, RMB46.2 million, RMB36.0 million, RMB14.8 million, and RMB17.1 million, respectively.
Business · p. 138
According to CIC, such sales arrangements are common practices in the shipping industry.
In specific, we generated revenue of RMB6.1 billion, RMB17.2 billion, RMB24.7 billion and RMB9.3 billion from Customer A in 2023, 2024 and 2025 and for the five months ended May 31, 2026, accounting for 39.9%, 61.6%, 71.0% and 68.2% of our total revenue in the same years/period, respectively.
Business · p. 152
This is commonly referred to in the industry as the buy-and-sell model, where certain of our major customers require their suppliers, including us, to purchase raw materials and components manufactured or procured from themselves to exert overall control over the procurement process.
Business · p. 152
Our strategic and mutually beneficial relationship with Customer A/Supplier A started over 17 years ago.
System integrators typically serve as our strategic partners because their business model is inherently complementary to ours and creates aligned incentives across the value chain.
Business · p. 156
Unlike our Company, system integrators do not manufacture robots themselves; they procure robotic products from us for their solutions.
During the Track Record Period, in addition to focusing on the R&D of our pipeline products, we have also carried out Contract Research Organization (CRO) services and Marketing Authorization Holder (MAH) business relating to high-end drug formulations in parallel.
Business · p. 186
We believe that the conduct of such business activities not only helps supplement our cash flow to support the R&D of our innovative drug formulations pipeline, but also enables us to accumulate valuable experience in both R&D and commercialization.
In our engagement with OEMs, we typically enter into framework agreements under which the OEM designates specific Tier-1 suppliers to work directly with us.
Business · p. 141
Alternatively, we provide our solutions to Tier-1 suppliers who integrate our products into their system level offerings for onward provision to OEM customers.
We generally sell our products and services directly to customers introduced by sales partners and pay sales partners commission fees (the “commission model”). To a much lesser extent, we sell software licenses to our sales partners, who then sell them on a back-to-back basis to end users (the “resale model”).
Business · p. 146
To complete the transaction, the sales partner must file the end user service agreement with us and obtain a product key from us for end users’ activation of the software licenses.
Business · p. 146
We select sales and professional service partners based on their sales and delivery capabilities, local sales and marketing resources, among others. We provide ongoing training, certification, and marketing support to enhance their service capabilities.
In very limited circumstances, we sold to trading companies, particularly in overseas markets or in small batches, where we expect such sales to achieve broader customer coverage in terms of geographics and scale.
Business · p. 134
During each period of the Track Record Period, revenue from their purchases accounted for less than 5% of our total revenue.
In facilitated sales transactions, intermediaries make payments to us in accordance with our policy of requiring advance payment.
Business · p. 139
As of December 31, 2023, 2024, 2025 and March 31, 2026, we had 40, 56, 64 and 59 intermediaries, respectively.
Business · p. 139
By selling to intermediaries who assume the payment obligations, we are able to collect payments from intermediaries in accordance with our preferred payment schedule, which is typically prior to shipment of our products, without compromising our standard credit policy to accommodate the credit terms of end customers.
We market our products under MAXHUB brand and leverage the ODM model to reach a broader customer base in overseas markets.
Business · p. 119
Under our ODM model, we manufacture products in our self-owned smart manufacturing facility, or provide the product design, as well as the components and materials, to our manufacturing partners, who handle production.
Given our role in such transactions, we primarily provided procurement coordination services, instead of obtaining control of such raw materials, therefore, we accounted for the relevant revenue on a net basis under IFRS 15.
Business · p. 165
The gross profit margin of 100% in this table was primarily attributable to the net basis presentation.
The commercial rationale for entering into the Customer Supply Arrangement was to secure customer demand and sales volume, reduce our working capital requirements and exposure to wafer inventory risk and wafer price fluctuations, and enhance supply chain coordination with Customer G.
Business · p. 176
In 2024, 2025 and the four months ended April 30, 2026, the revenue generated from Customer G under the Customer Supply Arrangement was RMB317.7 million, RMB1,508.9 million and RMB786.1 million, respectively, representing 3.6%, 13.4% and 9.8% of our total revenue for the respective periods.
Business · p. 176
Such decrease was primarily attributable to the revenue recognition approach under the Customer Supply Arrangement, under which the revenue for embedded storage is calculated as the income from our embedded storage sold to Customer G less the cost of wafers provided by Customer G for manufacturing such embedded storage.
Our revenue generated from the sales to the customers introduced by these agents accounted for 33.0%, 21.5%, 1.9%, and 1.6% of our total revenue in 2023, 2024, 2025 and three months ended March 31, 2026, respectively.
Business · p. 136
These agents only provide sales support services such as customer referrals, business liaison and reconciliation assistance and we directly handled order placement, product delivery and settlement of payments with our customers.
Some of our major customers, such as Customer A, designate suppliers for certain components used in products sold to them, which is known as the “buy-and-sell” model.
Business · p. 151
Our pricing for sales to such customers includes an agreed “markup” on top of our procurement cost, despite the location of designated suppliers.
In addition to selling products under our own brands, we also provide original design manufacturer (“ODM”) services to certain direct sales customers, designing and manufacturing customized products based on customer requirements, which are subsequently marketed under the customers’ brands.